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2.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 75(3)jun. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515231

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir resolución quirúrgica de teratoma de mediastino en dos tiempos que debuta en paciente con urgencia vital. Materiales y Métodos: Revisión de caso clínico y descripción retrospectiva del manejo quirúrgico realizado. Resultados: Estudio imagenológico evidenció tumor con contenido quístico que comprometía ambos hemitórax. Dado compromiso vital del paciente, se realiza quistocentesis descompresiva en pabellón, seguido de videotoracoscopía que demuestra origen mediastínico y quistectomía parcial por toracotomía. En un segundo tiempo quirúrgico, se reseca remanente vía esternotomía media. Discusión: Los teratomas mediastínicos son extremadamente infrecuentes, reportándose 44 casos en literatura mundial, sin registros a nivel nacional. Afecta a jóvenes sanos, la mayoría asintomáticos, siendo su hallazgo tardío e incidental. El compromiso de estructuras mediastínicas y de vía aérea pueden ocasionar riesgo vital. Conclusión: La descompresión perioperatoria del contenido quístico del teratoma fue fundamental para mantener fuera de riesgo vital al paciente durante el acto quirúrgico.


Objective: To describe the successful surgical resolution of a giant teratoma of the mediastinum that presents with a vital emergency. Clinical Case: Male patient, 30 years old, with no known history, consulted for a 1-year history of dyspnea on minimal exertion, associated with weight loss without dietary restriction. Imaging study showed tumor with cystic content that compromised both hemithorax. Given the patient's vital commitment, decompressive cystocentesis was performed, followed by video-assisted thoracoscopy that showed mediastinal origin and partial cystectomy by thoracotomy. In a second surgical time, resection of the remnant was performed via median sternotomy. Discussion: Mediastinal teratomas are extremely rare, reporting 44 cases in the world literature, with no national registry. They usually affect healthy young people, most of them asymptomatic and therefore, their discovery is late and incidental. In this case, due to the compression of noble structures, perioperative cystic decompression was essential. Conclusion: Perioperative decompression of the cystic content of the teratoma was essential to maintain stable hemodynamics and subsequent surgical resection.

3.
BAG, J. basic appl. genet. (Online) ; 33(1): 89-95, Oct. 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420289

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Zephyranthes citrina is an ornamental American bulbous plant used as an ornamental garden crop for the aesthetic qualities of its yellow perigonium. The objective of this work was to characterize the species by classical chromosome staining and fluorochrome banding. A sporophytic chromosome number of 2n=8x=48 chromosomes was observed, being the karyotypic formula 20 m + 26 sm + 2 st. Satellites were detected in the short arm of metacentric chromosomes 8, 9, 11 and 12, which colocalized with constitutive heterochromatin CMA+/DAPI-/0 bands. The karyotype comprised chromosome pairs with terminal constitutive heterochromatin bands that included satellites and heteromorphic clusters indicating that it is an allooctoploid. These results will be used as a tool for monitoring genetic improvement, in interspecific crosses and its progenies and in biotechnological procedures by in vitro culture.


RESUMEN Zephyranhtes citrina es una planta bulbosa americana, ornamental, utilizada en jardines por las cualidades estéticas de su perigonio amarillo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar citogenéticamente la especie con tinción clásica convencional y bandeo cromosómico. Se observó un número cromosómico esporofítico de 2n=8x=48, siendo la fórmula cariotípica 20 m + 26 sm + 2st. Se detectaron satélites en el brazo corto de los cromosomas metacéntricos 8, 9, 11 y 12, que co-localizaron con bandas de heterocromatina constitutiva CMA+/DAPI-. El cariotipo comprendió pares de cromosomas con bandas de heterocromatina constitutivas terminales que incluyeron satélites y grupos heteromórficos que indican que es un alooctoploide. Estos resultados serán usados como herramientas en el monitoreo del mejoramiento genético, en análisis de cruzamientos interespecíficos y progenies y en procedimientos biotecnológicos de cultivo in vitro.

4.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: 1-6, 2022. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468455

ABSTRACT

Flavoring additives are of great technological importance for the food industry. However, there is little information regarding the toxicological properties of these micro-ingredients, especially at the cellular level. The present study used meristematic root cells of Allium cepa L. to evaluate the toxicity of a liquid, aroma and flavor synthetic chocolate additive, manufactured and widely marketed throughout Brazil and exported to other countries in South America. The flavoring concentrations evaluated were 100.00; 50.00; 25.00; 1.00; 0.50 and 0.25 µL/L, where the highest concentration established was one-hundred times lower than that commercially suggested for use. The concentration 100 µL/L substantially reduced cell division of meristems within 24- and 48-hours exposure. Concentrations from 100.00 to 0.50 µL/L resulted in a significant number of prophases to the detriment of the other phases of cell division, indicating an aneugenic activity, and induced a significant number of cellular changes, with emphasis on micronuclei, nuclear buds and chromosomal breaks. Under the established analysis conditions, with the exception of concentration 0.25 µL/L, the flavoring of chocolate caused cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity to root meristems.


Os aditivos aromatizantes têm grande importância tecnológica para a indústria de alimentos. Contudo, poucas são as informações quanto as propriedades toxicológicas desses microingredientes, especialmente, em nível celular. No presente estudo avaliou-se, sobre as células meristemáticas de raízes de Allium cepa L., a toxicidade de um aditivo sintético líquido de aroma e sabor de chocolate, fabricado e amplamente comercializado em todo Brasil, e exportado para outros países da América do Sul. As concentrações de aromatizante avaliadas foram 100,00; 50,00; 25,00; 1,00; 0,50 e 0,25 µL/L, onde a maior concentração estabelecida foi cem vezes menor que a sugerida comercialmente para uso. Com base na interpretação dos resultados, a concentração 100 µL/L reduziu substancialmente a divisão celular dos meristemas nas 24 e 48 horas de exposição. As concentrações 100,00 a 0,50 µL/L demonstraram número significativo de prófases em detrimento as outras fases da divisão celular, indicando ação aneugênica, e induziram número significativo de alterações celulares, com ênfase a micronúcleos, broto nucleares e quebras cromossômicas. Nas condições de análises estabelecidas, com exceção a concentração 0,25 µL/L, o aromatizante de chocolate causou citotoxicidade, genotoxicidade e mutagenicidade aos meristemas radiculares.


Subject(s)
Food Additives/administration & dosage , Food Additives/toxicity , Onions/drug effects
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 822022.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468642

ABSTRACT

Abstract Flavoring additives are of great technological importance for the food industry. However, there is little information regarding the toxicological properties of these micro-ingredients, especially at the cellular level. The present study used meristematic root cells of Allium cepa L. to evaluate the toxicity of a liquid, aroma and flavor synthetic chocolate additive, manufactured and widely marketed throughout Brazil and exported to other countries in South America. The flavoring concentrations evaluated were 100.00; 50.00; 25.00; 1.00; 0.50 and 0.25 µL/L, where the highest concentration established was one-hundred times lower than that commercially suggested for use. The concentration 100 µL/L substantially reduced cell division of meristems within 24- and 48-hours exposure. Concentrations from 100.00 to 0.50 µL/L resulted in a significant number of prophases to the detriment of the other phases of cell division, indicating an aneugenic activity, and induced a significant number of cellular changes, with emphasis on micronuclei, nuclear buds and chromosomal breaks. Under the established analysis conditions, with the exception of concentration 0.25 µL/L, the flavoring of chocolate caused cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity to root meristems.


Resumo Os aditivos aromatizantes têm grande importância tecnológica para a indústria de alimentos. Contudo, poucas são as informações quanto as propriedades toxicológicas desses microingredientes, especialmente, em nível celular. No presente estudo avaliou-se, sobre as células meristemáticas de raízes de Allium cepa L., a toxicidade de um aditivo sintético líquido de aroma e sabor de chocolate, fabricado e amplamente comercializado em todo Brasil, e exportado para outros países da América do Sul. As concentrações de aromatizante avaliadas foram 100,00; 50,00; 25,00; 1,00; 0,50 e 0,25 µL/L, onde a maior concentração estabelecida foi cem vezes menor que a sugerida comercialmente para uso. Com base na interpretação dos resultados, a concentração 100 µL/L reduziu substancialmente a divisão celular dos meristemas nas 24 e 48 horas de exposição. As concentrações 100,00 a 0,50 µL/L demonstraram número significativo de prófases em detrimento as outras fases da divisão celular, indicando ação aneugênica, e induziram número significativo de alterações celulares, com ênfase a micronúcleos, broto nucleares e quebras cromossômicas. Nas condições de análises estabelecidas, com exceção a concentração 0,25 µL/L, o aromatizante de chocolate causou citotoxicidade, genotoxicidade e mutagenicidade aos meristemas radiculares.

6.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: e243628, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1249260

ABSTRACT

Flavoring additives are of great technological importance for the food industry. However, there is little information regarding the toxicological properties of these micro-ingredients, especially at the cellular level. The present study used meristematic root cells of Allium cepa L. to evaluate the toxicity of a liquid, aroma and flavor synthetic chocolate additive, manufactured and widely marketed throughout Brazil and exported to other countries in South America. The flavoring concentrations evaluated were 100.00; 50.00; 25.00; 1.00; 0.50 and 0.25 µL/L, where the highest concentration established was one-hundred times lower than that commercially suggested for use. The concentration 100 µL/L substantially reduced cell division of meristems within 24- and 48-hours exposure. Concentrations from 100.00 to 0.50 µL/L resulted in a significant number of prophases to the detriment of the other phases of cell division, indicating an aneugenic activity, and induced a significant number of cellular changes, with emphasis on micronuclei, nuclear buds and chromosomal breaks. Under the established analysis conditions, with the exception of concentration 0.25 µL/L, the flavoring of chocolate caused cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity to root meristems.


Os aditivos aromatizantes têm grande importância tecnológica para a indústria de alimentos. Contudo, poucas são as informações quanto as propriedades toxicológicas desses microingredientes, especialmente, em nível celular. No presente estudo avaliou-se, sobre as células meristemáticas de raízes de Allium cepa L., a toxicidade de um aditivo sintético líquido de aroma e sabor de chocolate, fabricado e amplamente comercializado em todo Brasil, e exportado para outros países da América do Sul. As concentrações de aromatizante avaliadas foram 100,00; 50,00; 25,00; 1,00; 0,50 e 0,25 µL/L, onde a maior concentração estabelecida foi cem vezes menor que a sugerida comercialmente para uso. Com base na interpretação dos resultados, a concentração 100 µL/L reduziu substancialmente a divisão celular dos meristemas nas 24 e 48 horas de exposição. As concentrações 100,00 a 0,50 µL/L demonstraram número significativo de prófases em detrimento as outras fases da divisão celular, indicando ação aneugênica, e induziram número significativo de alterações celulares, com ênfase a micronúcleos, broto nucleares e quebras cromossômicas. Nas condições de análises estabelecidas, com exceção a concentração 0,25 µL/L, o aromatizante de chocolate causou citotoxicidade, genotoxicidade e mutagenicidade aos meristemas radiculares.


Subject(s)
Chocolate , Mutagens/toxicity , DNA Damage , Brazil , Plant Roots , Onions , Food Additives
7.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 15(2): 126-129, 20211225. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1525031

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 ha sido un desafío para la medicina en estos últimos años por su alta tasa de contagios y muertes asociadas. Progresivamente los investigadores han ido dilucidando vías de transmisión y manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes, que han facilitado la detección el virus. Con el objetivo de optimizar la prevención y tratamiento en pacientes infectados, investigadores de todo el mundo han evaluado la importancia de la respuesta inmune frente al virus, destacando la acción de algunos inmunomoduladores, como por ejemplo, la vitamina D. Desarrollo: Tras invadir el organismo, el SARS-CoV-2 se une a receptores de las células epiteliales del tracto respiratorio, específicamente en el neumocito tipo II, disminuyendo la producción de surfactante y provocando una producción desregulada de citocinas proinflamatorias, principal responsable de los casos más severos. Se ha demostrado que la Vitamina D puede modular la respuesta inmune tras unirse a su receptor VDR, disminuyendo la liberación de citocinas proinflamatorias. Algunos estudios han determinado que el uso de suplementos de vitamina D en dosis altas pudieran producir efectos protectores frente a infecciones respiratorias agudas. Conclusión: Finalmente, pese a los estudios realizados que relacionan el déficit de vitamina D con casos más severos de COVID-19, aún se requiere más evidencia para recomendar suplementación.


Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been a challenge for medicine in recent years, due to its high contagion rate and associated deaths. Researchers have progressively elucidated transmission methods and most frequent clinical manifestations, that helps the virus detection. With the objective of optimizing prevention and treatment of infected patients, researchers all over the world have evaluated the importance of the immune system response against the virus, highlighting some immunomodulators, such as vitamin D. Body: After SARS-CoV-2 invades the organism, it binds to the receptor located on the respiratory tract epithelial cells, specifically type 2 pneumocyte, decreasing surfactant production and increasing the production of pro inflammatory cytokines, being the main reason for severe cases. Vitamin D has been shown to modulate the immune response after binding to its receptor, decreasing the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Some studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation in high doses may produce protective effects against acute respiratory infections. Conclusion: Finally, even the studies that correlate vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severe cases, we still need more evidence to recommend Vitamin D supplementation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Vitamin D/genetics , Vitamin D Deficiency/complications , Vitamin D Deficiency/genetics , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , COVID-19/genetics , Vitamins , Mortality
8.
Interdisciplinaria ; 38(3): 24-48, jun. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1356326

ABSTRACT

Resumen La relación de pareja es una dimensión central de la vida de las personas que repercute en su felicidad y bienestar. Este tema es de interés para diversas disciplinas, teniendo un amplio recorrido en investigación, y ha sido abordado desde diferentes paradigmas y perspectivas de estudio. Con el objetivo de analizar las investigaciones llevadas a cabo sobre relaciones de pareja desde el año 2000 al 2018, se revisan 83 publicaciones localizadas tras una búsqueda exhaustiva en las principales bases de datos. Los resultados apuntan a que la mayoría de las investigaciones optan por una metodología exclusivamente cuantitativa, tienden a emplear instrumentos ya validados, cuentan con muestras de hasta 250 participantes y abordan temas clásicos como la satisfacción, la sexualidad o la comunicación en pareja. La información aportada permite obtener una visión global del tema de estudio y está encaminada a poder replicar, proponer nuevas o ampliar las investigaciones ya realizadas.


Abstract Couple relationships, as the fundamental basis of family relationships, is a crucial dimension within the lives of people that also impacts on their happiness and well-being. These relationships are underpinned by mutual caring and attachment bonds, which, properly developed, entail a source of emotional and social support. This support also contributes to build the identity, improve the social competence, and, ultimately, strengthen own and family well-being. This topic is likely to arouse the interest at a social and scientific level and is addressed from several disciplines such as Psychology, Sociology, Pedagogy, or Social Work. This interest has provided this topic with a broad overview in the related research, being addressed from different paradigms and study prospects. This study is aimed at analyzing the research conducted on couple relationships from 2000 to 2018 in Spanish-speaking countries. Therefore, we present a systematic review of 83 scientific publications retrieved after an extensive search in the main databases (WOS, SCOPUS, Dialnet Plus, Redalyc, and ISOC) and the search engine Google Scholar. Specifically, the study specifies the dimensions and variables that have been the subject of study among these relationships, their objectives and methods (with particular emphasis on the instruments used), and the sample type and size the authors deemed necessary. In addition to the year of publication and the geographical delimitation, it was also included as criteria the publication format (only scientific papers) and papers with a Social Sciences content with topics not related to violence. Results suggest that most researchers follow an entirely quantitative methodology, tend to use validated instruments, have samples up to 250 participants, and address traditional topics such as satisfaction, sexuality, and communication in couples. Also, the predominant trend is to focus on a single thematic content, being lower the presence of studies addressing the interaction between two topics (e.g., satisfaction and communication), and even least common those studies that extend the dimensions analyzed to three or more. Regarding the content, the papers reviewed confirm the thinking that the couple's well-being and their satisfaction has a multicausal nature, which goes beyond the couple, since it includes the influence of the couple's social and cultural context. In this regard, specific socio-demographic characteristics such as having children, gender, and relationship duration seem to have a greater impact and arouse more interest than others. To complement this work, it is also included other topics usually related to how the couples are shaped and the satisfaction perceived, such as, for example, the fear of intimacy and anxiety, the sense of humor, the psychological well-being, and living with a positive family context. Furthermore, the publications addressed allow to locate emerging topics, such as the use of technology and its impact on the couple relationships, and also reveal the absence of studies integrating new structures of couple relationships, like polyamory. In conclusion, this review helps to get a general overview of the topic studied in order to suggest further research or expand the research already conducted. Similarly, the information provided encourages researchers to replicate the studies analyzed with different samples (location, age, sample size, etc.) and with more ambitious methodological design given that, though exceptionally, there are results which buck against the current predominant trends, and to complement this study focused on Spanish-speaking research with English, French and Portuguese publications.

9.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 86(1): 104-119, feb. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388624

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: El embarazo en cicatriz de cesárea previa (ECC) es una entidad poco frecuente que puede tener graves consecuencias. Hasta la fecha no existen esquemas estandarizados de tratamiento y su manejo óptimo sigue siendo controvertido. Nuestro objetivo es realizar una revisión de la literatura publicada sobre el manejo del ECC y proponer un algoritmo. También exponemos tres casos de ECC resueltos con diferentes tratamientos en el Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena MÉTODOS: Búsqueda de la literatura en bases de datos utilizando las palabras clave: "embarazo en cicatriz cesárea"," gestación ectópica en cicatriz cesárea", "tratamiento", "manejo". RESULTADOS: Las opciones terapéuticas pueden ser médicas, quirúrgicas o una combinación de ambas. Los tratamientos quirúrgicos tienen altas tasas de éxito, sin embargo, son más invasivos y no están exentos de riesgo. La combinación de tratamientos parece aumentar la tasa de éxito, no obstante, podría implicar un mayor riesgo de efectos secundarios y costes. CONCLUSIONES: El manejo de los ECC debe de ser individualizado, basado en la evidencia científica, en los medios disponibles y la experiencia de los profesionales en los distintos procedimientos, guiándonos por el tipo de ECC y su grado de vascularización e invasión, grosor del miometrio, niveles de beta-hCG, presencia de actividad cardiaca, clínica y estabilidad hemodinámica de la paciente. Deben tenerse en cuenta las circunstancias y patología intercurrente de la mujer, así como su deseo genésico o de preservación del útero.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare entity that can cause serious consequences. Up to now, there are no standardized treatment schemes, and its optimal management remains controversial. Our objetive is to review the literature regarding CSP management and propose an algorithm. We also present three cases of CSP resolved with different treatments at Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena. METHODS: Literature search in databases using the following keywords: pregnancy with cesarean section, ectopic pregnancy with cesarean section, treatment, management. RESULTS: The therapeutic options can be medical, surgical or a combination of both. Surgical treatments have high success rates; however, they are more invasive and are not without risk. The combination of treatments seems to increase the success rate; however, it could imply a higher risk of side effects and costs. CONCLUSIONS: The management of CSP must be individualized; based on scientific evidence, on the means available, and on the experience of the professionals in the different procedures; guided by the type of CSP and its degree of vascularization and invasion, by the thickness of the myometrium, beta-hCG levels, presence of cardiac activity, and by clinical and hemodynamic stability of the patient. The circumstances and intercurrent pathology of the patient must be considered, as well as her desire for future pregnancy or preservation of the uterus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy, Ectopic/therapy , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Cicatrix/etiology , Cicatrix/therapy , Pregnancy, Ectopic/surgery , Pregnancy, Ectopic/drug therapy , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Cicatrix/surgery , Cicatrix/drug therapy , Uterine Artery Embolization , High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation , Hysterectomy
10.
Rev. med. vet. zoot ; 67(1): 33-41, ene.-abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1127011

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La investigación se realizó a fin de evaluar el efecto del gas de formalina sobre el recuento de mesófilos en nailon comercial (poliamida) destinado a procedimientos quirúrgicos. En primer lugar, se evaluó la contaminación de una muestra del material comercial de 1 g expuesta al ambiente de quirófano por 72 horas, a través de la técnica de recuento en placa para mesófilos; se obtuvieron 850 UFC/g. Una vez comprobada la contaminación de la poliamida comercial, esta se sometió a gases de formalina en comprimidos. Se colocaron 5 muestras (n=5) de nailon de 1 g cada una en 5 recipientes herméticos de 1 litro con 1 gramo de formalina cada uno; estos recipientes se almacenaron en un mueble en sala de esterilización a un metro de altura del piso y posteriormente, fueron abiertos y cultivados a través de la técnica de recuento en placa para mesófilos, uno por día a lo largo de 5 días a intervalos de 24 horas. Los resultados obtenidos no registraron crecimientos de microorganismos a partir de las 24 horas y durante los 5 días posteriores y se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05). Se concluye que bajo las condiciones del presente estudio el tiempo de esterilización de la formalina sobre nailon comercial es de 24 horas.


ABSTRACT Hie present research work was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the effect of formalin gas on the count of mesophiles in commercial nylon (polyamide) destined to surgical procedures. Firstly, the contamination of a 1 g commercial nylon sample, exposed to the operating room environment for 72 hours, was evaluated through the plate counting technique for mesophiles; it yielded a result of 850 CFU / gram. Once the contamination of the commercial polyamide was checked, it was subjected to formalin gases in tablets. Five nylon samples (n=5) of 1 gram each were placed in 5 1 liter airtight containers containing 1 gram of formalin; Hese containers were stored in a cabinet in the sterilization room one meter above the floor, and later opened and cultivated through the plate counting technique for mesophiles, one per day for 5 days at 24 hour intervals. The results obtained after being exposed to formalin gases in tablets did not register growths of microorganisms after 24 hours and during the 5 days after the study, finding statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in relation to the studied times concluding under the conditions of the present study that the sterilization time of the formalin on commercial nylon is equal to 24 hours.


Subject(s)
Animals , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Sterilization , Environmental Pollution , Formaldehyde , Gases , Drought Resistance , Nylons , Operating Rooms , Research , Sutures , Tablets , Thermometers , Time , Bacteria , Bacterial Toxins , Colony Count, Microbial , Abscess , Hot Temperature , Inflammation
11.
Rev. MVZ Córdoba ; 25(1): 42-50, ene.-abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279653

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo. Se evaluó la actividad acaricida de Momordica charantia (Mc), Megaskepasma erythrochlamys (Me) y Gliricidia sepium (Gs) sobre Rhipicephalus microplus (Rm). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó la marcha fitoquímica preliminar de hojas del extracto metanólico de Mc (EMc), del extracto etanólico de Me (EMe) y del extracto acetónico de Gs (EGs) a través de la técnica de colorimetría y cromatografía en capa delgada (CCD). La actividad acaricida se realizó a través de pruebas in-vitro utilizando la prueba de inmersión de larvas (LIT) y la prueba de inmersión de adultos (AIT). Para las pruebas in-situ se usaron bovinos en pastoreo infestados naturalmente con garrapatas, utilizando las CL50 obtenidas en las pruebas in-vitro AIT; posteriormente las teleoginas se llevaron a incubación para evaluar su capacidad reproductiva. Resultados. Se determinó la presencia de varios grupos de metabolitos secundarios de interés acaricida. Se demostró el efecto acaricida de los extractos de las plantas sobre teleoginas; aunque sólo EGs mostró actividad larvicida. Los extractos a 160 mg/mL afectaron el ciclo de vida de Rm inhibiendo la ovoposición en un 46.9%, 66.1% y 84.03% (p<0.05) para EGs, EMc y EMe, respectivamente. Por otro lado, en las pruebas in situ se observó diferencia significativa (p<0.05) entre el tratamiento de EMc y EMe respecto a los grupos controles. Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos son prometedores para fortalecer la posibilidad de vinculación de los extractos de estas plantas dentro de planes integrados de control de garrapatas en sistemas de producción de bovinos.


ABSTRACT Objective. The acaricidal activity of Momordica charantia (Mc), Megaskepasma erythrochlamys (Me) and Gliricidia sepium (Gs) on Rhipicephalus microplus (Rm) was evaluated. Materials and methods. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of leaves of the methanolic extract of Mc (EMc), the ethanolic extract of Me (EMe) and the acetone extract of Gs (EGs) were carried out through the technique of colorimetry and thin layer chromatography (CCD). The acaricidal activity was performed through in-vitro tests using the larval immersion test (LIT) and the adult immersion test (AIT). For in-situ tests, grazing cattle naturally infested with ticks were used, using the LC50 obtained from the in-vitro AIT tests; later the teleogines were taken to incubation to evaluate their reproductive capacity. Results. The presence of several groups of secondary metabolites of acaricidal interest was determined. The acaricidal effect of the extracts of the plants on teleogines was demonstrated; although only EGs showed larvicidal activity. Extracts at 160 mg/mL affected the life cycle of Rm by inhibiting ovoposition in 46.9%, 66.1% and 84.03% (p<0.05) for EGs, EMc and EMe, respectively. On the other hand, the in-situ tests showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the treatment of EMc and EMe with respect to the control groups. Conclusions. The results obtained are promising to strengthen the possibility of linking the extracts of these plants into integrated plans for the control of ticks in cattle systems.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases , Ethnopharmacology , Momordica charantia , Acari
12.
Rev. chil. anest ; 49(2): [1-9], 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103170

ABSTRACT

La pandemia de COVID-19 producida por SARS-CoV-2 actualmente en curso anticipa una gran demanda por ventiladores mecánicos (VM), ya que un porcentaje relevante de los contagiados cae rápidamente en insuficiencia respiratoria y requiere de cuidados intensivos. Anticipándose a ese exceso de demanda y considerando que es muy probable que el número actual de ventiladores mecánicos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) sean insuficientes, se ha solicitado a la SACH un informe técnico en relación al uso de las máquinas de anestesia como VM.


Subject(s)
Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Ventilators, Mechanical/supply & distribution , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus , Anesthesia/methods , Chile/epidemiology
13.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Hig ; 50(1-2): 4-13, Diciembre 2019. Tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1118292

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones del tracto urinario afectan al ser humano a lo largo de su vida y son frecuentes tanto en el ámbito comunitario como en el nosocomial. El objetivo de este estudio fue Identificar los principales agentes etiológicos y el perfil de resistencia a los antibióticos, presentado por los microorganismos más frecuentemente aislados de los urocultivos de pacientes con infección urinaria que acudieron al Laboratorio "Luis Razetti" Mérida -Venezuela, entre enero y junio de 2015. Este estudio fue de tipo observacional, de corte transversal y descriptivo. La población y muestra estuvo conformada por 149 pacientes de ambos sexos, cuyas muestras de orina fueron procesadas utilizado el método del asa calibrada y la identificación bacteriana mediante pruebas bioquímicas convencionales. La susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se determinó a través del método de difusión del disco en agar. Escherichia coli predominó en un 84,6 %, seguido de Proteus mirabilis y Enterococcus faecalis, ambos con (4,7 %). Los porcentajes más altos de resistencia para los aislados de E. coli, se observaron para ampicilina (92,06 %), ampicilina/sulbactam (68,25 %), ácido nalidíxico (38,89 %), ciprofloxacina (38,89 %) y trimetroprim­sulfametoxazol (54,76 %); y presentaron altos niveles de sensibilidad a Nitrofurantoína (80,95 %). El 5,15 % de las cepas de E. coli se mostraron fenotípicamente productoras de belalactamasa de espectro extendido y el 35,29 % de las otras Enterobacteriaceae aisladas, presentaron un perfil fenotípico compatible con la producción de la enzima Inhibitory-resistant TEM (IRT). Es importante destacar que estos estudios permiten conocer la etiología a de infecciones urinarias en la comunidad, así como los perfiles de resistencia y sensibilidad a nivel local, datos relevantes para establecer pautas de tratamiento empírico adaptadas a cada medio.


Urinary tract infections affect the human being throughout his life and are among the most frequent in both the community and nosocomial settings. The Aim of this study was to Identify the main etiological agents and antibiotic resistance profile presented by isolated microorganisms in the urocultures of patients with urinary tract infection who attended the Laboratory "Luis Razetti" Mérida -Venezuela, between January and June 2015. This study was observational, cross-sectional and descriptive. The population and sample consisted of 149 patients of both sexes, whose urine samples were processed using the calibrated handle method and bacterial identification through conventional biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility is determined through the disk diffusion method in agar. Escherichia coli dominated by 84.6 %, followed by Proteus mirabilis and Enterococcus faecalis, both with (4.7 %). The highest percentages of resistance for E. coli were observed for ampicillin (92.06 %), ampicillin/sulbactam (68.25 %), nalidixic acid (38.89 %), ciprofloxacin (38.89 %) trimetroprim-sulfamethoxazole (54.76 %); and had high levels of sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin (80.95 %). 5.15 % of E. coli strains were phenotypically producing extended-spectrum belalactamase and 35.29 % of others Enterobacteriaceae isolated had a phenotypic profile compatible with the production of the Enzyme Inhibitoryresistant TEM (IRT). It is important to note that these studies allow knowing the etiology of urinary tract infections in the community as well as resistance and sensitivity profiles at the local level, relevant data to establish empirical processing guidelines tailored to each medium.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Phenotype , Cross-Sectional Studies , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
14.
Gac. méd. Caracas ; 127(2): 108-122, jun 2019. Graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1006449

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Cada año se incrementan los volúmenes de medicamentos utilizados, ocasionando una acumulación en los hogares de pacientes y clientes, que luego son desechados de manera inadecuada, convirtiéndose en un riesgo para el ambiente y la salud pública. Se han encontrado residuos en pequeñas cantidades de productos farmacéuticos en medios acuáticos y suelos, los cuales se acumulan en tejidos de seres vivos y producen efectos tóxicos que promueven enfermedades. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de estudios basados en encuestas de hogares sobre la disposición de medicamentos en el hogar, así como del conocimiento sobre el daño potencial al ambiente, con un aporte para la reducción o remediación del problema. Método: Fueron revisados 442 estudios que investigaron la disposición de medicamentos vencidos, dañados o sin uso, por pacientes o consumidores en sus casas. Se utilizó la metodología de Campbell Collaboration con búsquedas en bases de datos y mediante palabras claves, se identificaron 47 publicaciones que por un proceso de inclusión y exclusión, fueron seleccionados 20 trabajos que contienen un análisis estadístico de resultados de encuestas en hogares. Resultados: Se presentan resultados de encuestas a 8 267 hogares, donde en promedio el 87,7 % mantienen medicamentos en sus casas, siendo el 57,4 % sin uso o vencidos, y 74,6 % son dispuestos inadecuadamente. Conclusiones: Existe un desconocimiento del impacto ambiental de la disposición inapropiada de medicinas en el hogar, sin embargo, al tomar conciencia del peligro, hay interés de participar en programas para reducir el problema.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Environment , Soil/standards , Health/standards
15.
Acta ortop. mex ; 33(3): 141-145, may.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248651

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre las características clínicas y estudios de laboratorio con el tipo de microorganismo aislado en hemocultivos de pacientes con espondilodiscitis piógena. Material y métodos: Es un estudio transversal analítico, se revisaron expedientes clínicos de pacientes con espondilodiscitis piógena desde Enero de 2013 hasta Enero de 2017. Se realizó análisis descriptivo univariado usando frecuencias y porcentajes para variables cualitativas, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para las cuantitativas. Análisis bivariado mediante prueba de χ2 o test exacto de Fisher. Análisis de variables cuantitativas mediante t Student o U de Mann-Whitney. Se usó coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Considerando significancia estadística p < 0.05. Resultados: Se obtuvo una muestra de 34 pacientes, 20 (58%) fueron mujeres, mediana (Me) de edad 60 años (52-66). Se aisló en hemocultivos, bacterias Gram positivas 11 (32.4%) y Gram negativas 23 (67.6%). El microorganismo aislado más frecuente fue Escherichia coli 12 (35.3%). Los pacientes con espondilodiscitis por Gram negativas presentaron dolor leve y velocidad de sedimentación globular (VSG) Me 26 mm/hra P (18-36), los pacientes con espondilodiscitis por Gram positivas presentaron dolor severo y VSG Me 38 mm/h P (34-40) (p = 0.000 y 0.028, respectivamente). La VSG y dolor en el grupo de pacientes con espondilodiscitis por bacterias Gram negativas tuvo un coeficiente de correlación de Spearman moderado 0.418, (p = 0.047); en el grupo de Gram positivas, un coeficiente de correlación de Spearman bajo 0.228, (p = 0.507). Conclusión: Existe una asociación clínica y estadística de manera significativa entre los tipos de microorganismo aislado en hemocultivo, la intensidad del dolor valorado en escala visual análoga (EVA) y los niveles de VSG.


Abstract: Objective: Determine the association between clinical characteristics and laboratory studies with the type of isolated microorganism in blood cultures of patients with Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis. Material and methods: It is a cross-analytical study, clinical records of patients with Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis were reviewed from January 2013 to January 2017. Univariate descriptive analysis was performed using frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables, central trend measures and dispersion for quantitative ones. Bivariate analysis by testing of χ2 or Fisher's exact test. Analysis of quantitative variables using T Student or Mann-Whitney U. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used. Considering statistical significance p < 0.05. Results: A sample of 34 patients was obtained, 20 (58%) were women, median (Me) of age 60 years (52-66). Was isolated into blood cultures, Gram-positive bacteria 11 (32.4%) gram negatives 23 (67.6%). The microorganism most common isolate was Escherichia coli 12 (35.3%). Patients with Gram-negative spondylodiscitis had mild pain and globular sedimentation rate (VSG) Me 26 mm/hra P (18-36), patients with Gram-positive spondylodyscitis had severe pain and VSG Me 38 mm/h P (34-40) (p= 0.000 and 0.028, respectively). VSG and pain in the group of patients with gram-negative bacteria spondylodiscitis had a moderate Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.418, (p = 0.047); in the Gram positives group, a low correlation coefficient of Spearman 0.228, (p = 0.507). Conclusion: There is a clinical and statistical association significant between types of isolated microorganism in blood culture, pain intensity valued on analog visual scale (EVA) and VSG levels.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pain , Discitis/complications , Discitis/etiology , Discitis/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
16.
Acta ortop. mex ; 33(3): 173-181, may.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248658

ABSTRACT

resumen está disponible en el texto completo


Abstract: Introduction: It is essential that orthopaedic resident physicians be highly proficient in all aspects, considering the balance between supply, demand, need and context. Fundamental to identify the capacity and quality installed for their training in Mexico. Material and methods: Observational Study, transverse, non-probabilistic sampling-conglomerates, in two phases. The instrument has 8 domains, 57 variables and 4,867 items. 60 graduate professors of 20 states, 50 hospital sites, 22 university programs. Results: 1,038 years of experience (collective intelligence), 17 years of experience/teacher (01 to 50 years). Identified: acute pathology 30 (2 to 90%), chronic pathology 30 (5 to 96%), patients ˂ 15 years, 10 (3 to 30%), patients between 15 and 65 years, 47 (2 to 78%), patients ˃ 65 years, 20 (2 to 60%), number of beds/seat 20 (2 to 510), number of clinics 3 (1 to 48), number of surgical procedures/headquarters per year at the national level, was 960 (50 to 24,650). The national average per resident doctor is 362 surgeries/year with 1,450 surgical times/year. Conclusions: The needs and resources for the training of physicians specializing in orthopedics/traumatology are highly heterogeneous, so it should be adapted to the epidemiological needs of the region of influence, in an area of epidemiological transition. 62.2% expressed not having or have bad academic and scientific infrastructure at its headquarters, more than 50% without rotation overseas and ˃ 90% without regular scientific production.


Subject(s)
Humans , Orthopedics , Orthopedic Procedures , Internship and Residency , Surveys and Questionnaires , Mexico
17.
Acta ortop. mex ; 33(2): 102-106, mar.-abr. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248642

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: El proceso de educación se entiende como una actividad enfocada a desarrollar competencias mediante el empleo de herramientas y estrategias educativas que pueden ser sometidas a evaluación. La formación del médico residente de Traumatología y Ortopedia le exige adquirir conocimientos y desarrollar destrezas que repercutirán en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico del paciente. Por lo tanto, ¿cuál será la evaluación de la intervención educativa sobre los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos en residentes de la especialidad de traumatología y ortopedia sobre la técnica de toma, medición y preparación de injerto de isquiotibiales para la reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior? Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, cuasiexperimental para evaluar el impacto de la intervención educativa en 23 residentes de Traumatología y Ortopedia sobre el uso de isquiotibiales en la reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior mediante sesiones teórica y práctica en rodillas cadavéricas con evaluaciones pre- y postintervención. Resultados: La correlación entre la evaluación pre- y postintervención educativa, tanto teórica como práctica, fue estadísticamente significativa (p = 0.004 y p = 0.4, respectivamente). Conclusiones: La correlación estadísticamente significativa entre evaluaciones pre- y postintervención educativa refiere el valor de las estrategias de aprendizaje, en el caso de este estudio, la intervención a través de una sesión teórica y práctica mediante un paciente simulado (práctica necroquirúrgica) promueve la adquisición de conocimientos y el desarrollo de habilidades y destrezas.


Abstract: Introduction: The education process is understood as an activity focused on developing competencies through the use of educational tools and strategies that can be evaluated. The training of the residents in Traumatology and Orthopedics requires you to acquire knowledge and develop skills that will affect the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the patient. Therefore, what will be the evaluation of the educational intervention on the theoretical and practical knowledge in this group of physicians on the technique of taking, measuring and preparation of hamstring graft for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament? Material y methods: A prospective, quasi-experimental study was conducted to evaluate the impact of educational intervention in 23 Traumatology and Orthopaedic residents on the use of hamstring in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction through theoretical sessions and Practice on cadaverous knees with preand post-intervention evaluations. Results: The correlation between the pre and post evaluation educational intervention, both theoretical and practical, was statistically significant (p = 0.004 and p = 0.4, respectively). Conclusion: The statistically significant correlation between preand post-educational intervention evaluations speaks of the value of learning strategies, in the case of this study, the intervention through a theoretical and practical session by a simulated patient promotes knowledge acquisition and development of skills.


Subject(s)
Humans , Orthopedics/education , Traumatology/education , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/education , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/methods , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/surgery , Prospective Studies , Anterior Cruciate Ligament
18.
Acta ortop. mex ; 33(1): 2-7, ene.-feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248624

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: El manejo de la extremidad severamente traumatizada continúa siendo materia de debate. Las fracturas de tibia III-B de Gustilo-Anderson tienen un amplio espectro de variantes, no hay guías mediante esta clasificación para un manejo. MESS ha demostrado asociación funcional y pronóstica. Objetivo: Identificar el patrón de decisión por parte de los cirujanos para la prescripción de amputaciones en fracturas de tibia expuesta grado IIIB Gustilo-Anderson con escala MESS. Material y métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo, observacional, prospectivo, transversal y analítico. Se evaluaron 131 ortopedistas de un centro de referencia de patología traumática, quienes con uso de la escala MESS evaluaron 10 casos clínicos representativos de fracturas de tibia expuesta grado III-B de Gustilo-Anderson presentados en dispositivo electrónico. Se evaluó la concordancia de las decisiones entre cirujanos que laboran y expertos. Se realizó análisis inferencial mediante χ2 (p < 0.05) de las variables del estudio: experiencia del cirujano, postgrados académicos, práctica clínica frecuente de amputaciones, concordancia de las decisiones con escala MESS con respecto al patrón de prescripción obtenido por expertos. Resultados: No se encontró asociación entre las variables con la aplicación de MESS (χ2 = 1.28, p = 0.2575). Los cirujanos de más de 10 años incrementaron una vez la posibilidad de coincidir con el resultado de expertos (OR = 2.088, IC 95%) (p = 0.0066). Conclusión: Las variables como postgrados académicos, experiencia quirúrgica y práctica clínica frecuente no influyen en la correcta aplicación de la escala MESS. Los cirujanos de más de 10 años de experiencia incrementaron al doble la posibilidad de una decisión precisa.


Abstract: Introduction: The management of severely traumatized extremity continues to be a matter of debate. Gustilo-Anderson tibial fractures III-B have a wide spectrum of variants, there are no guidelines using this classification for management. MESS has demonstrated functional and prognostic association. Objective: To identify the pattern of decision made by surgeons for the prescription of amputations in tibial fractures exposed grade III-B Gustilo-Anderson with MESS scale. Material and methods: This is a descriptive, observational, prospective, transversal, analytical study. One hundred thirty-one orthopedists from a traumatic pathology referral center were evaluated, using the MESS scale to evaluate 10 representative clinical cases of Gustilo-Anderson grade III-B tibial fractures presented in an electronic device. The concordance of the decisions between working surgeons and experts was evaluated. Inferential analysis was performed using the χ2 (p < 0.05) of the study variables: surgeon experience, academic postgraduate studies, frequent clinical practice of amputations, concordance of decisions with MESS scale with respect to the prescription pattern obtained by experts. Results: There was no association between the variables, with the application of MESS. (χ2 = 1.28, p = 0.2575). Surgeons of more than 10 years, increased once the possibility of matching the result of experts (OR = 2.088, 95% CI) (p = 0.0066). Conclusion: Academic degrees, surgical experience, and frequent clinical practice do not influence the correct application of the MESS scale. Surgeons with more than 10 years of experience have doubled the possibility of a precise decision.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tibial Fractures/surgery , Fractures, Open/surgery , Amputation, Surgical , Prognosis , Tibia , Retrospective Studies , Decision Making
19.
Medwave ; 19(1): e7511, 2019.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-980908

ABSTRACT

ACTUALIZACIÓN: Este resumen Epistemonikos (Living FRISBEE: Living FRIendly Summary of the Body of Evidence using Epistemonikos) es una actualización del resumen publicado en diciembre de 2014. INTRODUCCIÓN: La retinopatía diabética proliferativa conlleva un alto riesgo de ceguera si no es tratada de manera oportuna. El tratamiento muchas veces incluye la vitrectomía. El uso preoperatorio de bevacizumab, un anti-factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular, podría mejorar variables intraoperatorias que facilitan la cirugía y mejorarían el curso postoperatorio. MÉTODOS: Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos cinco revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron 16 estudios primarios, de los cuales 14 corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que el uso preoperatorio de bevacizumab disminuye la incidencia de hemorragia vítrea en el postoperatorio temprano y probablemente también en el postoperatorio tardío, pero no está claro su efecto sobre la agudeza visual. Además, probablemente disminuye el tiempo quirúrgico, podría disminuir la incidencia de roturas retinianas iatrogénicas, y si bien no está claro que disminuya la ocurrencia de sangrado intraoperatorio, podría disminuir la necesidad de uso de endodiatermia.


UPDATE: This Living FRISBEE (Living FRIendly Summary of the Body of Evidence using Epistemonikos) is an update of the summary published in December 2014. INTRODUCTION: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy can cause severe vision loss and even blindness if left untreated. Vitrectomy is often required in the treatment of more severe cases. Preoperative administration of bevacizumab, a humanized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor would improve intraoperative variables that facilitate surgery and improve postoperative course. METHODS: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified five systematic reviews including 16 studies overall, of which 14 were randomized trials. We concluded the preoperative use of intravitreal bevacizumab reduces the rate of vitreous hemorrhage in the early postoperative period, and probably also in the late postoperative period, but its effect on visual acuity is not clear. Furthermore, it probably decreases the surgical time and may decrease the incidence of iatrogenic retinal breaks. Although we are uncertain whether preoperative bevacizumab decreases intraoperative bleeding, it may reduce the need for endodiathermy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Vitrectomy/methods , Diabetic Retinopathy/therapy , Bevacizumab/administration & dosage , Preoperative Care , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Intravitreal Injections
20.
Medwave ; 19(11): e7739, 2019.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1049167

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN El edema macular es una complicación frecuente de la oclusión de la vena central de la retina que clínicamente provoca deterioro de la agudeza visual. Los tratamientos más utilizados son el implante de dexametasona y los fármacos anti factor del crecimiento endotelial vascular, destacando aflibercept dentro de estos. Sin embargo, no existe consenso acerca de qué tratamiento constituye la mejor alternativa. MÉTODOS Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un meta análisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES Identificamos dos revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron cuatro estudios primarios, todos ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que no es posible establecer si aflibercept es superior a dexametasona en términos de mejora de agudeza visual y seguridad, debido a que la certeza de la evidencia existente ha sido evaluada como muy baja.


INTRODUCTION Macular edema is a frequent complication of central retinal vein occlusion that might lead to deterioration of visual acuity. The most commonly used treatments are dexamethasone implant and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs, being aflibercept one of the most commonly used them. However, there is no consensus about which treatment constitute the best alternative. METHODS We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We identified two systematic reviews that included four primary studies overall, all randomized trials. We concluded that it is not possible to establish whether aflibercept is superior to dexamethasone in terms of improvement of visual acuity and safety, because the certainty of the existing evidence has been evaluated as very low.


Subject(s)
Humans , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/administration & dosage , Retinal Vein Occlusion/complications , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Macular Edema/etiology , Databases, Factual , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
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